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4 Styles of Parenting and How Each Affects a Child
by Maria Vidal | November 23
Parents playing with their daughter and son
The type of discipline parents use on their children can have a dramatic effect on their development. 

Your choice of discipline strategy can have a big impact on the relationship you establish with your child. 

How you discipline your child can even influence a child’s mood and temperament into adulthood.

According to behavior studies, researchers have discovered that there are four types of parenting styles, which varies according to what their parents perceive the child would need from them.

Here are the 4 styles of parenting and how each can affect a child:

Authoritarian Parenting

In the authoritarian parenting, it is the parents who establish the rules and children are generally expected expect to follow them without exception. 

Children have little to no involvement in decision making and problem solving. Oftentimes, parents expect that their children will follow the rules at all times.

If children challenges these rules or ask why, authoritative parents usually say, 

“Because I said so.” 

Parents do not give their children reasons behind the rules implemented and there’s no room for negotiation. 

Authoritarian parents may also use punishments if in case their child disobeys.

While children of authoritarian parents tend to follow the rules all the time, there are children who develop self-esteem problems as well. 

Children who focus more on being angry at their parents may become more hostile and aggressive towards problems they encounter as they grow older.

Authoritative Parenting

Authoritative parents also have set rules for their children. 

However, compared to authoritarian parents, they allow some exception to the rule. 

They often tell children the reasons for the rules they implement and they are more willing to consider a child’s feelings when setting limits.

Parents using the authoritative approach use consequences rather than punishments. 

They also use more positive consequences to reinforce good behaviors such as reward system and praise.

Children raised with authoritative discipline tend to be happy and successful. 

They are often good at making decisions and evaluating safety risks on their own. 

They often grow up to be responsible adults who feel comfortable expressing their opinions.

Permissive Parenting

Permissive parents don't offer much discipline. 

They tend to be lenient and may only step in when there is a serious problem. 

There may be few consequences for misbehavior because parents have an attitude of "kids will be kids."

Parents who are permissive often take the friend role than a parent role. 

They may encourage their children to talk with them about their problems but may not discourage a lot of bad behaviors.

Kids who grow up with permissive parents tend to struggle academically. 

Children may exhibit more behavioral problems as they do not appreciate authority and rules. 

They often have low self-esteem and may report depression or a lot of sadness.

Uninvolved Parenting

Uninvolved parents tend to be neglectful. They often do not meet their children’s needs and may expect children to raise themselves. 

Parents who are suffering from substance addiction often are the best example to uninvolved parenting. 

They may also lack knowledge about parenting and child development or may feel overwhelmed by life’s other problems.

Uninvolved parents often have little knowledge of what their children are doing. 

There are no limits or rules to follow. Children do not receive any guidance and lack the much need parental attention.

Children of uninvolved parents tend to lack self-esteem. 

They perform poorly academically. They also exhibit frequent behavior problems and rank low in happiness.

These are the most common or most obvious parenting strategies. 

Some parents don’t fit into just one category. There are times they are more authoritarian and a little authoritative while some varies from child to child.

In determining a strategy, it is important to think about what you want your child to learn. 

Effective discipline strategies can teach children to become responsible adults who are able to make healthy decisions on their own.
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